What is somatosensory function?

What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?

What are neurotransmitters?

What is transduction in the context of pain physiology?

What is the process of transmission in pain physiology?

What is the final stage of pain physiology called and what does it involve?

What are nociceptors and how do they activate in response to a painful stimulus?

What are the key steps in the activation of nociceptors?

What neurotransmitters are released by Aδ fibers and C-fibers in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?

What is the pathway for pain signal transmission from the dorsal horn to the somatosensory cortex?

What is neural conduction?

How do neurons respond to stimuli?

What is membrane potential?

What is the resting membrane potential?

What is the resting membrane potential for neurons?

What is the resting membrane potential in neurons?

What is the Na, K ATPase pump responsible for?

What is the Resting Stage in the context of an action potential?

What happens during the Depolarization Stage of an action potential?

What is the Repolarization Stage?

What is the Refractory Period?

What factors influence conduction velocity in nerve fibers?

How does fiber diameter affect conduction velocity?

What is the role of myelin in conduction velocity?

What is the process called where action potentials move via discrete jumps from node-to-node in myelinated axons?

What are the voltage-gated Na+ channels only expressed at in myelinated axons?

What are the advantages of saltatory conduction in myelinated axons?

What is the effect of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)?

What is the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

What is synaptic transmission?

What are the common neurotransmitters in chemical synapses?

What is an electrical synapse and how does it function?

What role do electrical synapses play in the nervous system?

What are the three main divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

What are the two branches of the Autonomic nervous system?

What are the two main subdivisions of the PNS?

What neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction?

What is the function of the Somatic nervous system?

What is the main purpose of the Autonomic Nervous System?

What functions does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

What is the function of the Enteric nervous system?

What are the functions of the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems?

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the central control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Where are the vasomotor and vasodilator centers located in the central control of the ANS?

What neurotransmitter is released by cholinergic preganglionic efferent fibers?

What type of receptors are activated by acetylcholine in postganglionic fibers?

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for promoting normal physiological functions including salivary, gastric, and bile release?

What is the dominant system in a stress state or the 'fight-or-flight' response?

Where do preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system arise from?

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the sympathetic nervous system?

What are preganglionic fibers and what neurotransmitter do they release?

What are postganglionic fibers and what neurotransmitter do they release?

What are neurotransmitters?

What are the types of neurotransmitters?

What are the three main classes of neurotransmitters?

List the excitatory neurotransmitters.

What are the inhibitory neurotransmitters?

What are the characteristics of small molecules, rapid-acting neurotransmitters?

What are the examples of amino acids that are neurotransmitters?

What are the examples of monoamines that are neurotransmitters?

What is the role of acetylcholine in the nervous system?

How is acetylcholine synthesized and degraded?

What are cholinergic fibers?

What is the neurotransmitter released by cholinergic fibers?

Which types of fibers are cholinergic?

What are Muscarinic receptors subdivided into?

What is the high affinity of Muscarinic receptors to?

Where are Muscarinic receptors located?

What are catecholamines?

Which two catecholamines stimulate adrenergic receptors of the SNS?

What is the common amino acid from which catecholamines are synthesized?

What is the primary function of noradrenaline (norepinephrine) in the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

Which receptors does noradrenaline activate in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

How is noradrenaline inactivated in the body?

What is dopamine?

How is dopamine synthesized?

What role does dopamine play in depression?

What is serotonin (5-HT) and what functions does it perform in the body?

How is serotonin synthesized in serotonergic neurons?

Where is serotonin found in high concentrations in the body?

What is the role of glutamate in the central nervous system (CNS)?

What are the characteristics of glutamatergic neurons?

What percentage of brain neurons use glutamate or GABA as their neurotransmitter?

What are the risk factors for seizures?

What mnemonic can be used to remember the vascular causes of seizures?

What does a neurological exam include?

What do blood tests detect in the context of seizures?

What do imaging and electroencephalogram (EEG) do?

What is the difference between focal and generalized seizures?

List the types of focal seizures mentioned in the slide.

What are the types of generalized seizures listed in the slide?

What is the definition of a simple partial seizure?

What is the duration of a focal impaired awareness seizure?

When should an ambulance be called for a seizure?

What are the key factors to consider when deciding to call an ambulance for a seizure?

What are anticonvulsants and how do they work?

What is the surgical approach for managing drug-resistant focal epilepsy?

How does the ketogenic diet influence neuronal excitability?

What is the classification of Parkinson's disease?

What are the two rare forms of Parkinson's disease?

What is the prevalence of Parkinson's disease?