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Question 1
What are extraoral and intraoral examinations (EO, IO exams)?
Portion of a patient’s new patient comprehensive examination (COE) that emphasizes soft tissue health.
Question 2
What does an extraoral examination involve?
Visual inspection and palpation of soft tissue structures in the head, neck, and oral cavity.
Question 3
What is the role of the dentist in extraoral and intraoral examinations?
Determine baseline of soft tissue health, identify any abnormality or pathology (lesion), and connect oral and systemic health.
Question 4
What are extraoral and intraoral examinations?
Extraoral examinations involve assessing the patient's facial structures, skin, and lymph nodes, while intraoral examinations focus on the oral cavity, teeth, and gums.
Question 5
Why are extraoral and intraoral examinations essential for patient care?
These examinations help in diagnosing systemic diseases, assessing the patient's overall health, and identifying potential oral health issues.
Question 6
What is an incidental finding in the context of oral cancer screening?
An incidental finding refers to a discovery made during a routine dental examination that is not the primary reason for the visit but is significant enough to warrant further investigation.
Question 7
What are the functional, cosmetic, and psychological burdens associated with cancer patient outcomes?
The functional burdens include difficulties with speaking, swallowing, breathing, and chewing. The cosmetic burden refers to the appearance changes due to the cancer and its treatment. The psychological burden encompasses emotional and mental health impacts.
Question 8
What percentage of head and neck cancers derive from the oral cavity or oropharynx?
75%-85%
Question 9
What is the oral sign of systemic disease?
Oral cavity findings may suggest pathology elsewhere in the body.
Question 10
What is the process of identifying abnormalities in dental health?
Observation, palpation, and diagnostic tests
Question 11
What are the three main methods used to identify abnormalities in dental health?
Observation, palpation, and diagnostic tests
Question 12
What does EO/IO examination refer to in the context of dental medicine?
Examination of Extraoral and Intraoral structures
Question 13
What are pertinent positives and pertinent negatives in the context of examination findings?
Pertinent positives are significant findings, while pertinent negatives are the absence of significant findings.
Question 14
What is the term for the area between the lips and the teeth?
Labial mucosa
Question 15
What is the term for the area between the teeth and the gums?
Buccal mucosa
Question 16
What is the term for the area between the teeth and the tongue?
Floor of mouth
Question 17
What are the key factors to describe an abnormality in a lesion?
Type of lesion, location, size, color, contour, consistency/texture, function, and symptoms.
Question 18
What does the term 'contour' refer to in the context of describing an abnormality?
The shape or outline of the abnormality.
Question 19
What are the different types of lesions mentioned in the slide?
Nodule, mass, ulceration
Question 20
How should the location of a lesion be described?
Specify laterality
Question 21
What are the three dimensions used to describe the size of a lesion?
Length, width, depth
Question 22
What is a primary lesion?
A primary lesion is a lesion that is the initial manifestation of a disease process.
Question 23
List the types of primary lesions shown in the slide.
Macule, Papule, Nodule, Tumor, Plaque, Wheal, Vesicle, Bulla, Pustule.
Question 24
What is a secondary lesion?
A secondary lesion is a lesion that develops as a result of the primary lesion.
Question 25
What does 'WNL' stand for and what is the alternative term?
Within Normal Limits or We Never Looked
Question 26
Why is it important to measure suspicious lesions?
To ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment
Question 27
What is the difference between a clinical description and a diagnosis?
A clinical description provides details about the patient's condition, while a diagnosis is the medical conclusion about the patient's illness or injury.
Question 28
What does EO & IO stand for in the context of the examination?
EO & IO stand for Endodontic Operative and Intraoral Operative.
Question 29
What is the date of the examination mentioned in the slide?
The date of the examination is 1/7/2026.
Question 30
What does PPE stand for?
Personal Protective Equipment
Question 31
What are the steps to prepare for a dental procedure?
1. Wear appropriate PPE, 2. Clean, disinfect, and set up your cubicle properly, 3. Gather necessary materials (light, basic cassette, 2x2 gauze, tongue blade if available or preferred)
Question 32
What is the purpose of patient positioning in dental procedures?
To ensure patient comfort and safety, and to provide optimal access for the dentist to perform the procedure.
Question 33
What are the key steps in patient positioning for a dental procedure?
1. Adjust the dental chair to a comfortable height for the patient. 2. Position the patient's head correctly to ensure proper access to the oral cavity. 3. Ensure the patient's feet are supported and the legs are relaxed. 4. Adjust the dental chair's backrest and footrest as needed.
Question 34
What should be done before performing a dental procedure on a patient?
Explain to the patient what you are doing.
Question 35
What are the steps to determine if a finding is bilaterally present?
Determine if the finding presents bilaterally, ask the patient if they are aware of the finding, and ask how long the finding has been present.
Question 36
What do EO & IO stand for in the context of dental exams?
EO stands for External Occlusion, and IO stands for Internal Occlusion.
Question 37
What are the key components of an EO & IO exam?
The key components include assessing the occlusal surfaces, evaluating the occlusal relationships, and checking for any discrepancies or issues in the occlusion.
Question 38
What is the importance of having a consistent order for examining extraoral and intraoral structures?
Having a consistent order ensures that all relevant areas are examined systematically and comprehensively for each patient at every visit.
Question 39
What are the key intraoral findings that should be examined?
The key intraoral findings include Labial/Buccal Mucosa, Attached Gingiva, Hard Palate, Soft Palate, Tonsils, Oropharynx Area, Tongue, Saliva, Floor of Mouth, Glands, and Retromolar Area.
Question 40
What does 'apparent state of health' refer to in the context of general appearance?
Well-nourished vs. frail/ill/emaciated/unhealthy
Question 41
How would you describe 'consciousness' in terms of mental status?
Alert, awake, and oriented vs. altered mental status
Question 42
What are the two aspects of 'obvious physical distress'?
Facial expression and posture and gait
Question 43
What are the visual symptoms to check for in the head and face?
Symmetry, swelling, discolorations, ulcerations
Question 44
What are the palpation points for the TMJ?
Finger in front of the tragus
Question 45
What are the signs of TMJ dysfunction?
Clicking/grinding (crepitus), deviation or deflection, locking, pain
Question 46
What are the key visual symptoms to check for in the head/face examination?
Symmetry, swelling, discolorations, ulcerations
Question 47
What are the palpation techniques used for the TMJ examination?
Finger in front of tragus, clicking/grinding (crepitus), deviation or deflection, locking, pain
Question 48
What are the three visual aspects to check for in the neck?
Symmetry, Swelling, Discolorations/Lesions
Question 49
What does symmetry in the neck refer to?
The equality of size, shape, and arrangement of parts on either side of a central axis.
Question 50
What is the path for palpation of the neck?
Pre-auricular & nuchal area, down posterior SCM to clavicle, up anterior SCM/midline, submandibular region.
Question 51
What should the patient's chin be in during palpation?
Tucked in.
Question 52
What is the correct motion to use during palpation?
Light, rolling motion with fingers.
Question 53
What is lymphadenopathy?
Swollen or enlarged lymph node(s)
Question 54
What factors are important when assessing lymph nodes?
Location, size, firmness/fluctuance, and pain
Question 55
What does a lymph node size of > 1.0 cm indicate?
Atypical
Question 56
What are the key visual symptoms to check for in post-trauma assessment of the ears, eyes, and nose?
Symmetry, nasal septum deviation, pupil alignment, swelling, and discolorations/lesions.
Question 57
What functional aspect of the eyes should be checked in post-trauma assessment?
Extraocular movements should be intact.
Question 58
What is the Vermilion, labial mucosa?
The outermost layer of the lips, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
Question 59
What is the Buccal mucosa?
The mucosa that lines the cheeks and the sides of the mouth.
Question 60
What are the Vestibules?
The spaces between the lips and cheeks and the teeth.
Question 61
What is the vermilion border and why is it a prime site for oral cancers?
The vermilion border is the red, pigmented area at the edge of the lips. It is a prime site for oral cancers due to its high exposure to environmental factors and potential for chronic irritation.
Question 62
What are the steps to inspect the interior of the lips during a dental examination?
The steps include reverting the lips, inspecting the inner lips to the labiogingival sulcus, and palpating between the thumb and index (or middle) fingers for firm or nodular submucosal areas.
Question 63
What are the steps for visual examination of the oral-buccal mucosa?
Retract using mirror or tongue blade, 1 side at a time; note visual textures, colors; examine from anterior tonsillar pillar to labial commissures.
Question 64
How should the buccal mucosa be palpated?
Palpate the buccal mucosa between your thumb and index/middle fingers; feel for swelling, tenderness, etc.
Question 65
What is the Linea Alba and where is it typically found?
Linea Alba is a white line usually found at the occlusal plane, often associated with areas of trauma or continued fibrosis.
Question 66
What are Fordyce granules and what do they represent?
Fordyce granules are prominent sebaceous glands found in the oral mucosa.
Question 67
What is the purpose of Stensen's duct and how is it used?
Stensen's duct is the buccal area of the maxillary molars that should secrete clear saliva. It can be milked from the exterior to induce salivary flow.
Question 68
What are the key characteristics of the oral gingiva and alveolus?
Pink erythematous color, stippled or smooth texture, ulcer-free, pigmentation depending on patient complexion, adherent to alveolar bone, normal vasculature, and look out for abnormal bone loss relative to other areas.
Question 69
What are the common findings mentioned in the slide?
Lingual mandibular tori and Amalgam tattoo.
Question 70
What is the base of the tongue?
The posterior one-third of the tongue.
Question 71
What are the circumvalate papillae?
Small, cone-shaped structures on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
Question 72
Where is the common site for cancer on the tongue?
The posterolateral tongue.
Question 73
What are the common findings on the lateral tongue?
Foliate papillae and lingual tonsil
Question 74
What are the common findings on the base of the tongue?
Circumvallate papillae
Question 75
What is the significance of the prominent vasculature on the lateral and ventral sides of the tongue?
It is a key anatomical feature for examination
Question 76
What is the frenulum in the midline of the floor of the mouth?
A thin band of tissue that connects the lower lip to the gum.
Question 77
What should be visually checked for in the floor of the mouth?
Swellings, lesions, and other anomalies.
Question 78
How many fingers should be used for bimanual palpation of the floor of the mouth?
1-2 fingers.
Question 79
What is the color of healthy tissue in the oral hard palate?
Healthy pink tissue
Question 80
What is a common finding in the oral hard palate?
Palatal tori
Question 81
What is the medical term for a bony protuberance?
Exostosis
Question 82
What are the steps to establish the visual field during an oral examination?
1. Ask the patient to open wide and tilt head slightly backward. 2. Depress the tongue with a mirror or tongue blade. 3. Ask the patient to say 'Ahh' to help with depressing the tongue.
Question 83
What should be observed in the posterior pharyngeal wall during an oral examination?
Look for signs of erythema, leukoplakic lesions, masses, etc.
Question 84
What are tonsil stones and how are they formed?
Tonsil stones are collections of food, bacteria, and mucus that accumulate in the tonsillar crypts.
Question 85
What are the differences between normal tonsils and bacterial tonsils?
Normal tonsils are typically pink and smooth, while bacterial tonsils may appear red and swollen with visible white spots.
Question 86
What are the two main approaches to handling abnormalities/lesions/pathology?
Obtain differential diagnosis, then follow-up/monitor, provide therapy, obtain consultation from specialist, refer to appropriate specialist or medical provider.
Question 87
What does differential diagnosis refer to in the context of handling abnormalities/lesions/pathology?
It refers to the process of identifying the most likely cause of a patient's symptoms by considering all possible diagnoses.
Question 88
What is the purpose of the Huddle in the clinic sequence of activities?
Review materials and procedures with Pod Faculty
Question 89
What must be completed before the patient is seated in the clinic sequence of activities?
Complete hand hygiene, PPE and operatory setup
Question 90
What form must be completed by the assistant during the Extraoral and Intraoral Exam?
Extraoral and Intraoral Exam form
Question 91
What does the term 'Extraoral' refer to in the context of dental examination?
Refers to the examination of structures outside the mouth, such as the head, neck, and face.
Question 92
What is the purpose of the 'Intraoral' examination in dental practice?
To examine the structures inside the mouth, including the teeth, gums, and oral cavity.
Question 93
What does the term 'Extroral' refer to in the context of dental examination?
Extroral refers to the examination of the external structures of the head and neck, excluding the oral cavity.
Question 94
List the steps for conducting an extroral examination.
Head, Face, Neck, Lips, TMJ, Muscles, Lymph Nodes.
Question 95
What is the purpose of the intraoral examination in dental medicine?
The intraoral examination is conducted to assess the health of the oral cavity, including the teeth, gums, and other structures.
Question 96
What does the term 'Extraoral' refer to in the context of dental examination?
Refers to the examination of structures outside the oral cavity, such as the head, neck, and face.
Question 97
List the steps for conducting an extraoral examination as shown in the slide.
Head, Face, Neck, Lips, TMJ, Muscles, Lymph Nodes, Other EO/IO Findings.
Question 98
What does the term 'well-nourished adult' refer to in the context of the Axium EO/IO Form?
A person who appears to be in good health and has a balanced diet.
Question 99
What is the significance of 'no head asymmetry' in the Axium EO/IO Form?
It indicates that there are no differences in the size or shape of the head on either side.
Question 100
What does 'vermilion border intact' mean in the context of the Axium EO/IO Form?
The border of the lips is healthy and without any lesions.
Question 101
What does EO stand for in the context of this slide?
Extraoral
Question 102
What does IO stand for in the context of this slide?
Intraoral
Question 103
What are the significant findings for EO mentioned in the slide?
R submandibular lymph node tender to palpation, <1m, mobile; R TMJ clickin on opening and closing; mild tenderness to palpation of L masseter muscle insertion
Question 104
What is the purpose of the UT Health - Head and Neck Exam?
To assess the health of the head and neck region.
Question 105
What does Intraoral Assessment refer to in the context of dental medicine?
An examination of the inside of the mouth, including the teeth, gums, and other structures.