What are the main topics covered in this slide?

What is the focus of the slide?

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

How many US deaths are attributed to CVD each day based on 2022 data?

What is the percentage increase in stroke deaths in the United States between 2012 and 2022?

What is Ischemic Heart Disease?

What are the main symptoms of Ischemic Heart Disease?

What is the definition of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?

What are the three main etiologies of CAD?

What is the definition of Acute Coronary Syndrome?

What are the etiological factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome?

What are the clinical presentations of Acute Coronary Syndrome?

What is the therapeutic goal for CAD?

What is the therapeutic goal for ACS?

What are the four steps to achieve the therapeutic goal for ACS?

What are the three main categories of antianginal medications?

What are the subcategories of Vasodilators?

What is the effect of β-blockers on the heart?

What is the effect of nitrates/nitrites on the heart?

What is the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on the heart?

What are the examples of organic nitrates?

How is nitroglycerine metabolized?

What are the properties of nitroglycerine compared to isosorbide?

What is the main mechanism of action of organic nitrates?

How does vasodilation of the large veins affect venous return and myocardial oxygen demand?

What is the drug of choice for managing acute angina?

How should nitroglycerin be administered for acute angina?

What is the most common adverse effect of nitrates?

What is the mechanism of action of aspirin?

What is the role of platelet activation in thrombus formation?

What is the clinical use of low dose aspirin?

What are the potential triggers for anginal attacks?

What is the maximum dose of nitroglycerin tablets in 15 minutes?

What are the cardiovascular events associated with certain NSAIDs?

What are HMG CoA Inhibitors commonly known as?

What is the cholesterol absorption inhibitor?

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

What is the abbreviation for coenzyme A?

What is the full form of LDL?

What is the full form of VLDL?

What are HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and what is their mechanism of action?

What are some examples of HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and what is their suffix?

What are the common indications for statins in lipid-lowering therapy?

What are the drug interactions and contraindications of statins?

What is rhabdomyolysis?

What are the adverse effects of rhabdomyolysis?

What is the primary function of HMG-CoA reductase?

What are the effects of statins on oral and dental health?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Ezetimibe?

What is the indication for using Ezetimibe?

What are arrhythmias?

What is the term for an irregular heartbeat?

What is atrial fibrillation?

What are the risk factors for atrial fibrillation?

What are the symptoms of atrial fibrillation?

What is the primary complication of atrial fibrillation?

What does the 'A' in the ABC management of atrial fibrillation stand for?

What does the 'B' in the ABC management of atrial fibrillation stand for?

What is ventricular fibrillation?

What are the symptoms of ventricular fibrillation?

What are the risk factors for ventricular fibrillation?

What is the Vaughan-Williams classification system used for?

What is the therapeutic goal in the management of tachyarrhythmias?

What is the term for the cell responsible for initiating and maintaining the heartbeat?

What is the effect of β-blockers on the action potential of pacemaker cells?

What are the key examples of Class I Sodium channel blockers?

What is the mechanism of action for Class I Sodium channel blockers?

What are the adverse effects of Class I Sodium channel blockers?

What are the therapeutic uses of quinidine?

What are the drug interactions with quinidine?

What is cinchonism and what are its symptoms?

What are β-blockers also known as?

What is the indication for using Metoprolol as a β-blocker?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of β-blockers?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Class III potassium channel blockers?

What is the indication for Class III potassium channel blockers?

What is the dental side effect of Amiodarone?

What are the adverse effects of Amiodarone?

How does Amiodarone interact with other drugs?

What are the main mechanisms of action (MOA) of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers like Diltiazem and Verapamil?

What are the key adverse effects of non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

What is the mechanism of action of Atropine in managing bradyarrhythmia?

What are the indications for using Atropine in managing bradyarrhythmia?

What is orthostatic hypotension?

Why should epinephrine use be monitored in arrhythmia patients?

What dental condition can be caused by calcium channel blockers?

What is the potential role of oral inflammation in atrial fibrillation?

List the shared risk factors for oral inflammation and atrial fibrillation.

What is heart failure?

What are the two types of heart failure?

What are the two main categories of heart failure?

What is systolic heart failure?

What is diastolic heart failure?

What is the physiological response to heart failure in terms of preload?

What are the two key physiological responses to heart failure mentioned in the slide?

What are the therapeutic goals of drugs used for heart failure?

List the categories of drugs used for heart failure.

What is the source of Digoxin?

What is the effect of Digoxin on the heart?

How does Digoxin increase cardiac output?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of digoxin?

How does digoxin affect the Na+/Ca2+ exchange?

What are the indications for using Digoxin?

What are the early signs of toxicity from Digoxin?

What is the narrow therapeutic index of digoxin?

What antibiotics can increase the absorption of digoxin and increase the risk of toxicity?

What effect do CYP 450 inducers have on the concentrations of the active drug?

What is a Sodium Glucose co-transporter inhibitor?

What is the example of a Sodium Glucose co-transporter inhibitor?

What dental consideration should be taken into account when using Sodium Glucose co-transporter inhibitors?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of β-adrenergic agonists?

What are the indications for β-adrenergic agonists?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors?

What are the indications for phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors?

What is hypertension?

What are the two main categories of hypertension?

What are the two physiological mechanisms that control blood pressure?

How does the Baroreceptor reflex control blood pressure?

What is the therapeutic goal in treating hypertension?

What are the blood pressure goals when treating hypertension?

What are the four main categories of antihypertensive agents?

What are the subcategories of the antagonizing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway category?

What is the function of α1-adrenergic receptors?

What is the function of β1-adrenergic receptors?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of α1-blockers?

What are the adverse effects of α1-blockers?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of an α2-agonist?

What are the adverse effects of an α2-agonist?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of β-blockers?

What are the examples of β-blockers mentioned in the slide?

What are the indications for the treatment mentioned in the slide?

What are the adverse effects mentioned in the slide?

What are calcium channels?

How are calcium channel blockers classified?

What are the non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of dihydropyridine type calcium channel antagonists?

What are the examples of dihydropyridine type calcium channel antagonists?

What are the indications for dihydropyridine type calcium channel antagonists?

What are the adverse effects of Nifedipine and amlodipine?

Which dihydropyridine does not cause gingival hyperplasia?

How long after treatment with amlodipine (5 mg) did gingival hyperplasia occur in the patient?

What is the potential risk associated with using nonselective beta-blockers like propranolol in patients with multiple local anesthesia containing epinephrine?

What is the consequence of using NSAIDs for more than 5 days in patients taking beta-blockers?

What is the side effect of centrally acting agents like clonidine?

What is the title of the book on the left?

What is the title of the book on the right?