What are the main topics covered in this slide?

What is the focus of the slide?

What are Dopaminergic Pathways?

What diseases are associated with Dopaminergic Pathways?

What is the predominant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the CNS?

What are the enzymes that degrade dopamine?

How does dopamine cross the BBB?

What are the main functions of D1-like dopamine receptors?

Which dopamine receptors are involved in renal function and renin secretion?

What is the function of the Nigrostriatal pathway?

Which pathway regulates behavior and psychosis?

What neurotransmitter is involved in the Tuberoinfundibular pathway and what does it inhibit?

What is the pharmacological effect of dopamine dose-dependent?

What are the two types of dopamine action?

What disorders does dopamine contribute to the pathophysiology of?

What is the pharmacological approach to treating Parkinson's disease?

What are the movement symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

Which part of the brain is affected in Parkinson's disease?

What is the primary mechanism of action for Dopamine precursors (Levodopa)?

What are Dopamine agonists and how do they work in the context of Parkinson's disease?

What are MAO and COMT inhibitors and how do they contribute to the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Levodopa-Carbipoda?

What are the trade names for Levodopa-Carbipoda?

What is the indication for levodopa in the management of PD?

What are the adverse effects of levodopa?

What is the mechanism of action of a muscarinic antagonist?

What is the example of a muscarinic antagonist mentioned in the slide?

What are the dental-related adverse effects of muscarinic antagonists?

What is the mechanism of action of Entacapone?

What is the mechanism of action of Selegiline?

What are the dental-related adverse effects of Entacapone?

What is the therapeutic goal of antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia?

How do antipsychotic drugs contribute to the treatment of schizophrenia?

What is the dopamine hypothesis?

What are the key symptoms associated with the dopamine hypothesis?

What are antipsychotics also known as?

What are the two main categories of antipsychotics?

What are the typical side effects of first-generation antipsychotics?

What are the examples of first-generation antipsychotics?

What is the mechanism of action of first-generation antipsychotics?

What are the side effects of first-generation antipsychotics?

What are second-generation antipsychotics also known as?

What are the examples of second-generation antipsychotics?

What is the indication for clozapine?

What is the Extrapyramidal syndrome?

What are the autonomic effects of the drug?

What is the sedative effect of the drug?

What is tardive dyskinesia?

List the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.

What is xerostomia?

What are the side effects of antipsychotics?

What oral health issues might patients with schizophrenia face?

What is the therapeutic goal of drugs for dementia disorders?

What are the main mechanisms of action for drugs targeting Alzheimer's disease?

What are Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors and provide examples?

What is an NMDA receptor antagonist and how is it used in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease?

What is Aducanumab and when was it approved for use in Alzheimer's Disease?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

What are the FDA-approved uses of Donepezil?

What are the adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

What is the mechanism of action of Memantine?

What is the purpose of Aducanumab?

What is the primary characteristic of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Riluzole (Exservalan®) in managing ALS?

What are the adverse effects of Riluzole (Exservalan®) in managing ALS?

What is serotoninergic neurotransmission?

What are the key steps in serotoninergic neurotransmission?

What is the main storage location for serotonin?

What enzyme degrades serotonin?

How is serotonin transported to storage vesicles?

What are serotonin receptors and how many families are there?

What are the coupling mechanisms of 5-HT1 receptors and what tissues do they affect?

What are the coupling mechanisms of 5-HT2 receptors and what effects do they mediate?

What are the pharmacological effects of serotonin in the CNS?

What therapeutic implications does modulating serotonergic transmission have?

What is the prevalence of depression in females compared to males?

What percentage of patients receiving therapy or counseling are estimated to have depression?

What is the monoamine hypothesis of depression?

What role does dopamine deficiency play in depression?

What is the time frame for the clinical response to antidepressant drugs?

What neurotransmitters are not consistently decreased in postmortem studies of depressed brains?

What is brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its role in depression?

What is the Neuroplasticity Hypothesis?

What are the key components of the Neuroplasticity Hypothesis?

What does MAOIs stand for?

What are the abbreviations for the different types of antidepressants mentioned?

What are Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) and what are some examples?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of TCAs?

What is Clomipramine used to treat?

What are some adverse effects of Clomipramine?

How do TCAs interact with local anesthesia in dentistry?

What are Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of MAOIs?

What are the adverse effects of MAOIs?

What is the 'tyramine pressor response'?

How should patients taking MAO inhibitors be monitored when receiving local anesthetics with epinephrine?

What are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)?

What are some examples of SSRIs?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of SSRIs?

What are the adverse effects of SSRIs mentioned in the slide?

What is serotonin syndrome and what are its symptoms?

What is the risk associated with simultaneously prescribing NSAIDs and SSRIs?

Which two SSRIs inhibit CYP2D6?

What is the consequence of simultaneously using SSRIs and supplements that increase serotonin levels?

What are Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)?

What are some examples of SNRIs?

What is the main indication for SNRIs?

What are the gastrointestinal adverse effects of certain medications?

What is bruxism?

What are the noradrenergic-related adverse effects?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of rapid-acting antidepressants like Ketamine?

What are the adverse effects of rapid-acting antidepressants like Ketamine?

What are serotonin receptor antagonists and what are their effects?

What is a dopamine-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and what is an example of one?

What is the active ingredient in St. John's Wort?

How does St. John's Wort interact with CYP 450 enzymes?

What is the therapeutic index of lithium salts?

What is the indication for lithium salts?

What are some adverse effects of lithium salts?

What is the primary route of excretion for lithium?

What are the drug interactions that can increase the plasma levels of lithium?

How does chronic lithium treatment affect the duration of local anesthetics?

What are the adverse effects of Valporic acid?

What are the adverse effects of Carbamazepine?

What are the implications of depression on dental caries risk?

What is xerostomia and how can it be caused?

What are mental disorders?

What are some self-harming behaviors associated with mental illness?

What therapeutic options are available for treating depression, bipolar disorder, and psychoses?

What is the title of the book on the left?

What is the title of the book on the right?