A primary head injury occurs at the time of injury.
12
List the types of blood vessel injuries associated with a primary head injury.
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Skull fracture(s) and blood vessel injury.
13
What are the four types of blood vessel injuries mentioned in the slide?
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Epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, subarachnoid, and intracerebral hematoma.
14
What is a brain contusion?
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A localized area of tissue damage in the brain.
15
What are the two types of contusions in a brain injury?
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Coup and Countercoup.
16
What is torque in the context of traumatic brain injury?
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Twisting around the brain stem.
17
What is a secondary head injury?
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A secondary head injury occurs hours or days after the initial injury.
18
What are the three main consequences of a secondary head injury?
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Seizures, increased intracranial pressure, and cerebral herniation.
19
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) used for?
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It is used to assess the severity of traumatic brain injury by evaluating eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.
20
What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
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Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.
21
What is the range of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score?
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The score ranges from a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 15.
22
What is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?
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A progressive degenerative disease of the brain associated with repetitive head trauma, commonly found in contact sports.
23
What are the key risk factors for CTE?
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Repetitive head trauma, particularly in contact sports.
24
What is Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)?
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CTE is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain associated with repetitive head trauma.
25
How does CTE differ from a normal brain in appearance?
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CTE shows a more shrunken and discolored brain compared to a normal brain.
26
What is the term for periorbital edema in a basilar skull fracture?
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Racoon eyes
27
What is the term for bruising behind the ear in a basilar skull fracture?
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Battle sign
28
What are the two types of CSF leakage from the nose and ear in a basilar skull fracture?
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Rhinorrhea and Otorrhea
29
What are some types of trauma to oral and facial structures mentioned in the slide?
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Fracturing of the maxilla and mandible, dislocation of the TMJ, fracturing of teeth, avulsion, and laceration of the oral soft tissues.
30
What is TMJ?
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Temporal Mandibular Joint.
31
What is the definition of quadriplegia?
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Impairment or loss of motor and sensory function in the cervical segment of the spinal cord.
32
What are the effects of a spinal cord injury on sensory and motor conduction?
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It can affect sensory and motor conduction.
33
What is paraplegia?
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Impairment or loss of motor and sensory function in the thoracic, lumbar, and sacral portions of the spinal cord.
34
What are the effects of paraplegia?
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Loss of function in the trunk, legs, and pelvic region.
35
What are the physical effects of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?
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Sleep disturbance, pain (especially in the head), changes in senses, seizures, loss of motor skills, digestion changes, fatigue, coordination and balance impairment
36
What are the behavioral effects of TBI?
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Apathy, mood swings, personality changes, impulsivity, anxiety, depression, increased/decreased hunger, energy, changes in social skills, flat or restricted affect
37
What are the cognitive effects of TBI?
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Repeating things, forgetfulness, trouble with attention, impaired orientation to person, time, place, problems with communication, difficulty processing
38
What are the cognitive sequelae of traumatic brain injury?
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Memory loss, changes in speech, and developmental delay; loss of concentration and disinhibition
39
What are the behavioral and psychologic sequelae of traumatic brain injury?
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Depression, PTSD, anxiety, and insomnia
40
What are the physical disabilities associated with traumatic brain injury?
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Paralysis, hemiparesis, difficulty with processing sensory information, muscular weakness, and respiratory difficulty
41
What is the term for the lack of manual dexterity in patients?
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Lack of manual dexterity
42
What are some dental considerations for patients with adverse reactions to medications?
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Adverse reactions of medications
43
What is the importance of providing oral health education to caregivers?
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Providing oral health education to caregivers
44
What are some dental considerations for pediatric patients?
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Pediatric patients require gentle handling, use of child-sized instruments, and consideration of their developmental stage.
45
What are some modifications that can be made to dental tools for pediatric use?
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Modifications include using smaller, softer brushes, and employing tools with handles that are easier for children to grip.
46
What are some accommodations for patients with disabilities in a dental office?
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Handicapped parking, installing an elevator or ramps, widening halls and doorways, adding handicap-accessible restrooms and drinking fountains, decreasing the height of curbs in certain areas, ensuring appropriate flooring surfaces, using proper signage for the visually impaired, altering counter top height, and changing shelving or coat rack height.
47
What is the purpose of installing an elevator or ramps in a dental office?
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To provide accessibility for patients with mobility issues.
48
What is the title of the chapter in the book 'The ADA Practical Guide to Patients with Medical Conditions, Second Addition'?
Show answer
Neurological Disorders
49
Which authors edited the book 'The ADA Practical Guide to Patients with Medical Conditions, Second Addition'?