What are extraoral and intraoral examinations (EO, IO exams)?
Show answer
Portion of a patientās new patient comprehensive examination (COE) that emphasizes soft tissue health.
2
What does an extraoral examination involve?
Show answer
Visual inspection and palpation of soft tissue structures in the head, neck, and oral cavity.
3
What is the role of the dentist in extraoral and intraoral examinations?
Show answer
Determine baseline of soft tissue health, identify any abnormality or pathology (lesion), and connect oral and systemic health.
4
What are extraoral and intraoral examinations?
Show answer
Extraoral examinations involve assessing the patient's facial structures, skin, and lymph nodes, while intraoral examinations focus on the oral cavity, teeth, and gums.
5
Why are extraoral and intraoral examinations essential for patient care?
Show answer
These examinations help in diagnosing systemic diseases, assessing the patient's overall health, and identifying potential oral health issues.
6
What is an incidental finding in the context of oral cancer screening?
Show answer
An incidental finding refers to a discovery made during a routine dental examination that is not the primary reason for the visit but is significant enough to warrant further investigation.
7
What are the functional, cosmetic, and psychological burdens associated with cancer patient outcomes?
Show answer
The functional burdens include difficulties with speaking, swallowing, breathing, and chewing. The cosmetic burden refers to the appearance changes due to the cancer and its treatment. The psychological burden encompasses emotional and mental health impacts.
8
What percentage of head and neck cancers derive from the oral cavity or oropharynx?
Show answer
75%-85%
9
What is the oral sign of systemic disease?
Show answer
Oral cavity findings may suggest pathology elsewhere in the body.
10
What is the process of identifying abnormalities in dental health?
Show answer
Observation, palpation, and diagnostic tests
11
What are the three main methods used to identify abnormalities in dental health?
Show answer
Observation, palpation, and diagnostic tests
12
What does EO/IO examination refer to in the context of dental medicine?
Show answer
Examination of Extraoral and Intraoral structures
13
What are pertinent positives and pertinent negatives in the context of examination findings?
Show answer
Pertinent positives are significant findings, while pertinent negatives are the absence of significant findings.
14
What is the term for the area between the lips and the teeth?
Show answer
Labial mucosa
15
What is the term for the area between the teeth and the gums?
Show answer
Buccal mucosa
16
What is the term for the area between the teeth and the tongue?
Show answer
Floor of mouth
17
What are the key factors to describe an abnormality in a lesion?
Show answer
Type of lesion, location, size, color, contour, consistency/texture, function, and symptoms.
18
What does the term 'contour' refer to in the context of describing an abnormality?
Show answer
The shape or outline of the abnormality.
19
What are the different types of lesions mentioned in the slide?
Show answer
Nodule, mass, ulceration
20
How should the location of a lesion be described?
Show answer
Specify laterality
21
What are the three dimensions used to describe the size of a lesion?
Show answer
Length, width, depth
22
What is a primary lesion?
Show answer
A primary lesion is a lesion that is the initial manifestation of a disease process.
23
List the types of primary lesions shown in the slide.
A secondary lesion is a lesion that develops as a result of the primary lesion.
25
What does 'WNL' stand for and what is the alternative term?
Show answer
Within Normal Limits or We Never Looked
26
Why is it important to measure suspicious lesions?
Show answer
To ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment
27
What is the difference between a clinical description and a diagnosis?
Show answer
A clinical description provides details about the patient's condition, while a diagnosis is the medical conclusion about the patient's illness or injury.
28
What does EO & IO stand for in the context of the examination?
Show answer
EO & IO stand for Endodontic Operative and Intraoral Operative.
29
What is the date of the examination mentioned in the slide?
Show answer
The date of the examination is 1/7/2026.
30
What does PPE stand for?
Show answer
Personal Protective Equipment
31
What are the steps to prepare for a dental procedure?
Show answer
1. Wear appropriate PPE, 2. Clean, disinfect, and set up your cubicle properly, 3. Gather necessary materials (light, basic cassette, 2x2 gauze, tongue blade if available or preferred)
32
What is the purpose of patient positioning in dental procedures?
Show answer
To ensure patient comfort and safety, and to provide optimal access for the dentist to perform the procedure.
33
What are the key steps in patient positioning for a dental procedure?
Show answer
1. Adjust the dental chair to a comfortable height for the patient. 2. Position the patient's head correctly to ensure proper access to the oral cavity. 3. Ensure the patient's feet are supported and the legs are relaxed. 4. Adjust the dental chair's backrest and footrest as needed.
34
What should be done before performing a dental procedure on a patient?
Show answer
Explain to the patient what you are doing.
35
What are the steps to determine if a finding is bilaterally present?
Show answer
Determine if the finding presents bilaterally, ask the patient if they are aware of the finding, and ask how long the finding has been present.
36
What do EO & IO stand for in the context of dental exams?
Show answer
EO stands for External Occlusion, and IO stands for Internal Occlusion.
37
What are the key components of an EO & IO exam?
Show answer
The key components include assessing the occlusal surfaces, evaluating the occlusal relationships, and checking for any discrepancies or issues in the occlusion.
38
What is the importance of having a consistent order for examining extraoral and intraoral structures?
Show answer
Having a consistent order ensures that all relevant areas are examined systematically and comprehensively for each patient at every visit.
39
What are the key intraoral findings that should be examined?
Show answer
The key intraoral findings include Labial/Buccal Mucosa, Attached Gingiva, Hard Palate, Soft Palate, Tonsils, Oropharynx Area, Tongue, Saliva, Floor of Mouth, Glands, and Retromolar Area.
40
What does 'apparent state of health' refer to in the context of general appearance?
Show answer
Well-nourished vs. frail/ill/emaciated/unhealthy
41
How would you describe 'consciousness' in terms of mental status?
Show answer
Alert, awake, and oriented vs. altered mental status
42
What are the two aspects of 'obvious physical distress'?
Show answer
Facial expression and posture and gait
43
What are the visual symptoms to check for in the head and face?
Show answer
Symmetry, swelling, discolorations, ulcerations
44
What are the palpation points for the TMJ?
Show answer
Finger in front of the tragus
45
What are the signs of TMJ dysfunction?
Show answer
Clicking/grinding (crepitus), deviation or deflection, locking, pain
46
What are the key visual symptoms to check for in the head/face examination?
Show answer
Symmetry, swelling, discolorations, ulcerations
47
What are the palpation techniques used for the TMJ examination?
Show answer
Finger in front of tragus, clicking/grinding (crepitus), deviation or deflection, locking, pain
48
What are the three visual aspects to check for in the neck?
Show answer
Symmetry, Swelling, Discolorations/Lesions
49
What does symmetry in the neck refer to?
Show answer
The equality of size, shape, and arrangement of parts on either side of a central axis.
50
What is the path for palpation of the neck?
Show answer
Pre-auricular & nuchal area, down posterior SCM to clavicle, up anterior SCM/midline, submandibular region.
51
What should the patient's chin be in during palpation?
Show answer
Tucked in.
52
What is the correct motion to use during palpation?
Show answer
Light, rolling motion with fingers.
53
What is lymphadenopathy?
Show answer
Swollen or enlarged lymph node(s)
54
What factors are important when assessing lymph nodes?
Show answer
Location, size, firmness/fluctuance, and pain
55
What does a lymph node size of > 1.0 cm indicate?
Show answer
Atypical
56
What are the key visual symptoms to check for in post-trauma assessment of the ears, eyes, and nose?
Show answer
Symmetry, nasal septum deviation, pupil alignment, swelling, and discolorations/lesions.
57
What functional aspect of the eyes should be checked in post-trauma assessment?
Show answer
Extraocular movements should be intact.
58
What is the Vermilion, labial mucosa?
Show answer
The outermost layer of the lips, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
59
What is the Buccal mucosa?
Show answer
The mucosa that lines the cheeks and the sides of the mouth.
60
What are the Vestibules?
Show answer
The spaces between the lips and cheeks and the teeth.
61
What is the vermilion border and why is it a prime site for oral cancers?
Show answer
The vermilion border is the red, pigmented area at the edge of the lips. It is a prime site for oral cancers due to its high exposure to environmental factors and potential for chronic irritation.
62
What are the steps to inspect the interior of the lips during a dental examination?
Show answer
The steps include reverting the lips, inspecting the inner lips to the labiogingival sulcus, and palpating between the thumb and index (or middle) fingers for firm or nodular submucosal areas.
63
What are the steps for visual examination of the oral-buccal mucosa?
Show answer
Retract using mirror or tongue blade, 1 side at a time; note visual textures, colors; examine from anterior tonsillar pillar to labial commissures.
64
How should the buccal mucosa be palpated?
Show answer
Palpate the buccal mucosa between your thumb and index/middle fingers; feel for swelling, tenderness, etc.
65
What is the Linea Alba and where is it typically found?
Show answer
Linea Alba is a white line usually found at the occlusal plane, often associated with areas of trauma or continued fibrosis.
66
What are Fordyce granules and what do they represent?
Show answer
Fordyce granules are prominent sebaceous glands found in the oral mucosa.
67
What is the purpose of Stensen's duct and how is it used?
Show answer
Stensen's duct is the buccal area of the maxillary molars that should secrete clear saliva. It can be milked from the exterior to induce salivary flow.
68
What are the key characteristics of the oral gingiva and alveolus?
Show answer
Pink erythematous color, stippled or smooth texture, ulcer-free, pigmentation depending on patient complexion, adherent to alveolar bone, normal vasculature, and look out for abnormal bone loss relative to other areas.
69
What are the common findings mentioned in the slide?
Show answer
Lingual mandibular tori and Amalgam tattoo.
70
What is the base of the tongue?
Show answer
The posterior one-third of the tongue.
71
What are the circumvalate papillae?
Show answer
Small, cone-shaped structures on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
72
Where is the common site for cancer on the tongue?
Show answer
The posterolateral tongue.
73
What are the common findings on the lateral tongue?
Show answer
Foliate papillae and lingual tonsil
74
What are the common findings on the base of the tongue?
Show answer
Circumvallate papillae
75
What is the significance of the prominent vasculature on the lateral and ventral sides of the tongue?
Show answer
It is a key anatomical feature for examination
76
What is the frenulum in the midline of the floor of the mouth?
Show answer
A thin band of tissue that connects the lower lip to the gum.
77
What should be visually checked for in the floor of the mouth?
Show answer
Swellings, lesions, and other anomalies.
78
How many fingers should be used for bimanual palpation of the floor of the mouth?
Show answer
1-2 fingers.
79
What is the color of healthy tissue in the oral hard palate?
Show answer
Healthy pink tissue
80
What is a common finding in the oral hard palate?
Show answer
Palatal tori
81
What is the medical term for a bony protuberance?
Show answer
Exostosis
82
What are the steps to establish the visual field during an oral examination?
Show answer
1. Ask the patient to open wide and tilt head slightly backward. 2. Depress the tongue with a mirror or tongue blade. 3. Ask the patient to say 'Ahh' to help with depressing the tongue.
83
What should be observed in the posterior pharyngeal wall during an oral examination?
Show answer
Look for signs of erythema, leukoplakic lesions, masses, etc.
84
What are tonsil stones and how are they formed?
Show answer
Tonsil stones are collections of food, bacteria, and mucus that accumulate in the tonsillar crypts.
85
What are the differences between normal tonsils and bacterial tonsils?
Show answer
Normal tonsils are typically pink and smooth, while bacterial tonsils may appear red and swollen with visible white spots.
86
What are the two main approaches to handling abnormalities/lesions/pathology?
Show answer
Obtain differential diagnosis, then follow-up/monitor, provide therapy, obtain consultation from specialist, refer to appropriate specialist or medical provider.
87
What does differential diagnosis refer to in the context of handling abnormalities/lesions/pathology?
Show answer
It refers to the process of identifying the most likely cause of a patient's symptoms by considering all possible diagnoses.
88
What is the purpose of the Huddle in the clinic sequence of activities?
Show answer
Review materials and procedures with Pod Faculty
89
What must be completed before the patient is seated in the clinic sequence of activities?
Show answer
Complete hand hygiene, PPE and operatory setup
90
What form must be completed by the assistant during the Extraoral and Intraoral Exam?
Show answer
Extraoral and Intraoral Exam form
91
What does the term 'Extraoral' refer to in the context of dental examination?
Show answer
Refers to the examination of structures outside the mouth, such as the head, neck, and face.
92
What is the purpose of the 'Intraoral' examination in dental practice?
Show answer
To examine the structures inside the mouth, including the teeth, gums, and oral cavity.
93
What does the term 'Extroral' refer to in the context of dental examination?
Show answer
Extroral refers to the examination of the external structures of the head and neck, excluding the oral cavity.
94
List the steps for conducting an extroral examination.
What does the term 'well-nourished adult' refer to in the context of the Axium EO/IO Form?
Show answer
A person who appears to be in good health and has a balanced diet.
99
What is the significance of 'no head asymmetry' in the Axium EO/IO Form?
Show answer
It indicates that there are no differences in the size or shape of the head on either side.
100
What does 'vermilion border intact' mean in the context of the Axium EO/IO Form?
Show answer
The border of the lips is healthy and without any lesions.
101
What does EO stand for in the context of this slide?
Show answer
Extraoral
102
What does IO stand for in the context of this slide?
Show answer
Intraoral
103
What are the significant findings for EO mentioned in the slide?
Show answer
R submandibular lymph node tender to palpation, <1m, mobile; R TMJ clickin on opening and closing; mild tenderness to palpation of L masseter muscle insertion
104
What is the purpose of the UT Health - Head and Neck Exam?
Show answer
To assess the health of the head and neck region.
105
What does Intraoral Assessment refer to in the context of dental medicine?
Show answer
An examination of the inside of the mouth, including the teeth, gums, and other structures.